47,177 research outputs found
On the Interconnection of Incompatible Solid Finite Element Meshes Using Multipoint Constraints
Incompatible meshes, i.e., meshes that physically must have a common boundary, but do not necessarily have coincident grid points, can arise in the course of a finite element analysis. For example, two substructures may have been developed at different times for different purposes and it becomes necessary to interconnect the two models. A technique that uses only multipoint constraints, i.e., MPC cards (or MPCS cards in substructuring), is presented. Since the method uses only MPC's, the procedure may apply at any stage in an analysis; no prior planning or special data is necessary
Nonlinear Analysis of a Bolted Marine Riser Connector Using NASTRAN Substructuring
Results of an investigation of the behavior of a bolted, flange type marine riser connector is reported. The method used to account for the nonlinear effect of connector separation due to bolt preload and axial tension load is described. The automated multilevel substructing capability of COSMIC/NASTRAN was employed at considerable savings in computer run time. Simplified formulas for computer resources, i.e., computer run times for modules SDCOMP, FBS, and MPYAD, as well as disk storage space, are presented. Actual run time data on a VAX-11/780 is compared with the formulas presented
Solution of enforced boundary motion in direct transient and harmonic problems
The current versions of NASTRAN, i.e., NASA, MSC, and MAC support nonzero boundary displacements only in the static analysis. Forcing functions in the dynamic analysis formats allow only forces and pressures to exercise the mathematical model. A DMAP alter sequence to circumvent this limitation is described. For the direct harmonic problem, a simple change to module FRRD is incorporated to effect a more efficient use of the code
Exploration of RNA structure spaces
In order to understand the structure of real structure spaces, we are studying the 5S rRNA structure space experimentally. A plasmid containing a synthetic 5S rRNA gene, two rRNA promoters, and transcription terminators has been assembled. Assays are conducted to determine if the foreign 5S rRNA is expressed, and to see whether or not it is incorporated into ribosomes. Evolutionary competition is used to determine the relative fitness of strains containing the foreign 5S rRNA and a control 5S rRNA. By using site directed mutagenesis, a number of mutants can be made in order to study the boundaries of the structure space and how sharply defined they are. By making similar studies in the vicinity of structure space, it will be possible to determine how homogeneous the 5S rRNA structure space is. Useable experimental protocols have been developed, and a number of mutants have already been studied. Initial results suggest an explanation of why single stranded regions of the RNA are less subject to mutation than double stranded regions
Insights into the phylogenetic positions of photosynthetic bacteria obtained from 5S rRNA and 16S rRNA sequence data
Comparisons of complete 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequences established that the secondary structure of these molecules is highly conserved. Earlier work with 5S rRNA secondary structure revealed that when structural conservation exists the alignment of sequences is straightforward. The constancy of structure implies minimal functional change. Under these conditions a uniform evolutionary rate can be expected so that conditions are favorable for phylogenetic tree construction
Community Policing and Intelligence-Led Policing: An Examination of Convergent or Discriminant Validity
Purpose
Despite increased scholarly inquiry regarding intelligence-led policing (ILP) and popularity among law enforcement agencies around the globe, ambiguity remains regarding the conceptual foundation and appropriate measurement of ILP. Although most scholars agree that ILP is indeed a unique policing philosophy, there is less consensus regarding the relationship between ILP and the ever-present model of community-oriented policing (COP). Consequently, there is a clear need to study the empirical distinctions and overlaps in these policing philosophies as implemented by US law enforcement agencies. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were gleaned from the 2007 LEMAS and 2009 NIJ Intelligence surveys. A total of 227 unique police agencies in the USA are included. A series of bivariate, exploratory factor analyses and structural models are used to determine discriminatory or convergent validity across COP and ILP constructs.
Findings
The goal was to answer the question: are these two policing philosophies are being implemented as separate and distinct strategies? Results of our exploratory and structural models indicate that COP and ILP loaded on unique latent constructs. This affirms the results of the bivariate correlations, and indicates that COP and ILP have discriminant measurement validity. In other words, COP and ILP are conceptually distinct, even when implemented in police departments across the USA. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Originality/value
This is the first study to empirically test the discriminant or convergent validity of COP and ILP
Accretion of Small Satellites and Gas Inflows in a Disc Galaxy
Galaxy interactions can have an important effect in a galaxy's evolution.
Cosmological models predict a large number of small satellites around galaxies.
It is important to study the effect that these small satellites can have on the
host. The present work explores the effect of small N-body spherical satellites
with total mass ratios in the range approx 1:1000-1:100 in inducing gas flows
to the central regions of a disc galaxy with late-type morphology resembling
the Milky Way. Two model galaxies are considered: barred and non-barred models;
the latter one is motivated in order to isolate and understand better the
effects of the satellite. Several circular and non-circular orbits are
explored, considering both prograde and retrogade orientations. We show that
satellites with such small mass ratios can still produce observable distortions
in the gas and stellar components of the galaxy. In terms of gas flows, the
prograde circular orbits are more favourable for producing gas flows, where in
some cases up to $60% of the gas of the galaxy is driven to the central region.
We find, hence, that small satellites can induce significant gas flows to the
central regions of a disc galaxy, which is relevant in the context of fuelling
active galactic nuclei.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
Final report: Workshop on: Integrating electric mobility systems with the grid infrastructure
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
This document is a report on the workshop entitled “Integrating Electric Mobility
Systems with the Grid Infrastructure” which was held at Boston University on November 6-7
with the sponsorship of the Sloan Foundation. Its objective was to bring together researchers
and technical leaders from academia, industry, and government in order to set a short and longterm research agenda regarding the future of mobility and the ability of electric utilities to meet
the needs of a highway transportation system powered primarily by electricity. The report is a
summary of their insights based on workshop presentations and discussions. The list of
participants and detailed Workshop program are provided in Appendices 1 and 2.
Public and private decisions made in the coming decade will direct profound changes in
the way people and goods are moved and the ability of clean energy sources – primarily
delivered in the form of electricity – to power these new systems. Decisions need to be made
quickly because of rapid advances in technology, and the growing recognition that meeting
climate goals requires rapid and dramatic action. The blunt fact is, however, that the pace of
innovation, and the range of business models that can be built around these innovations, has
grown at a rate that has outstripped our ability to clearly understand the choices that must be
made or estimate the consequences of these choices. The group of people assembled for this
Workshop are uniquely qualified to understand the options that are opening both in the future of
mobility and the ability of electric utilities to meet the needs of a highway transportation system
powered primarily by electricity. They were asked both to explain what is known about the
choices we face and to define the research issues most urgently needed to help public and
private decision-makers choose wisely. This report is a summary of their insights based on
workshop presentations and discussions.
New communication and data analysis tools have profoundly changed the definition of
what is technologically possible. Cell phones have put powerful computers, communication
devices, and position locators into the pockets and purses of most Americans making it possible
for Uber, Lyft and other Transportation Network Companies to deliver on-demand mobility
services. But these technologies, as well as technologies for pricing access to congested
roads, also open many other possibilities for shared mobility services – both public and private –
that could cut costs and travel time by reducing congestion. Options would be greatly expanded
if fully autonomous vehicles become available. These new business models would also affect
options for charging electric vehicles. It is unclear, however, how to optimize charging
(minimizing congestion on the electric grid) without increasing congestion on the roads or
creating significant problems for the power system that supports such charging capacity.
With so much in flux, many uncertainties cloud our vision of the future. The way new
mobility services will reshape the number, length of trips, and the choice of electric vehicle
charging systems and constraints on charging, and many other important behavioral issues are
critical to this future but remain largely unknown. The challenge at hand is to define plausible
future structures of electric grids and mobility systems, and anticipate the direct and indirect
impacts of the changes involved. These insights can provide tools essential for effective private ... [TRUNCATED]Workshop funded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio
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